Drug breakdown: caffeine

Day 1: Used for centuries as a stimulant, #caffeine was found via coffee bean analysis circa 1820, but is also found in the cocoa bean, guarana seeds, tea leaves etc; #caffeine can also be synthesised from uric acid. A methylxanthine, medical uses include neonatal respiratory stimulation and adjunctive analgesia.

Day 2: #caffeine + citric acid = caffeine citrate (1/2 as strong as caffeine base). Citric acid is added to enhance solubility. This is used for apnoea of prematurity in neonates. Oral solution or i.v infusion x1/day 20 mg/kg loading, then 5 mg/kg/day; adjust as necessary and monitor concentration.

Day 2 (cont): #caffeine in OTC analgesics range 30-65 mg/tablet; Cochrane supports improved pain relief if #caffeine dose >100 mg. Safe total daily dose <400 mg/day(½ if pregnant); 1 cup brewed coffee ~100 mg. Lots of health claims and does contain antioxidants, but relevant levels only at high doses; it is safer to eat fruit/veg!